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}} ''Reckoning'' is the second studio album by the American alternative rock band R.E.M., released in 1984 by I.R.S. Records. Produced by Mitch Easter and Don Dixon, the album was recorded at Reflection Sound Studio in Charlotte, North Carolina over 16 days in December 1983 and January 1984. Dixon and Easter intended to capture the sound of R.E.M.'s live performances, and used binaural recording on several tracks. Singer Michael Stipe dealt with darker subject matter in his lyrics, and water imagery is a recurring theme on the record. Released to critical acclaim, ''Reckoning'' reached number 27 in the United States—where it was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America in 1991—and peaked at number 91 in the United Kingdom. ==Background and production== After its debut album ''Murmur'' (1983) received critical acclaim, R.E.M. quickly began work on its second album. The group wrote new material prodigiously; guitarist Peter Buck recalled, "We were going through this streak where we were writing two good songs a week () We just wanted to do it; whenever we had a new batch of songs, it was time to record".〔Fletcher, p. 100〕 Due to the number of new songs the group had, Buck unsuccessfully tried to convince everyone to make the next album a double record.〔The Notorious Stuart Brothers. "A Date With Peter Buck". ''Bucketfull of Brains''. December 1987.〕 In November 1983, the band recorded 22 songs during a session with Neil Young producer Elliot Mazer in San Francisco.〔Fletcher, p. 99〕 While Mazer was briefly considered as a candidate to produce the band's next album, R.E.M. ultimately decided to team up again with ''Murmur'' producers Mitch Easter and Don Dixon.〔 R.E.M. started recording ''Reckoning'' at Reflection Sound in Charlotte, North Carolina, on December 8, 1983.〔Black, p. 90〕 The group recorded over two eight-day stretches around Christmas 1983, separated by two weeks of canceled studio time that allowed the band to play a show in Greensboro, North Carolina, go out to see a movie, and shoot a video in the studio.〔Black, p. 91〕〔Fletcher, p. 100–01〕 While the studio diary listed 16 days for recording, the album sleeve later claimed the album was recorded in 14 days, while in interviews Buck at times commented that the album was recorded in 11 days. The producers both disputed that the sessions were that short; Dixon insisted that they were at the studio for at least 25 days (during which he worked eighteen-hour days), while Easter said "When I read 'eleven days' I thought, what the fuck! It was twenty days, which was still short, but it's not eleven."〔Fletcher, p. 101〕 During recording there was pressure from I.R.S. Records to try to make the album more commercial. The label sent messages to Dixon and Easter, which the producers told the band that they would ignore. While the producers respected I.R.S. president Jay Boberg, they expressed dismay at the comments he made when he visited during the last day of sessions. Dixon called Boberg "record company clueless", while Easter said "I got along with Jay Boberg OK () but now and again he would express an opinion that would make me think, 'holy shit', because it would strike me as really teenage." Buck said he was grateful that Dixon and Easter acted as a buffer between the band and its label. He said that "it got to the point where as much as I respected the guys at I.R.S., we basically tried to record the records so they wouldn't know we were recording them!", and explained that part of the reason why R.E.M. recorded the album so quickly was that the group wanted to finish before representatives from I.R.S. showed up to listen to it.〔Buckley, p. 99〕 The recording sessions were difficult for singer Michael Stipe, who, among the band, was particularly worn out by the group's 1983 tour schedule. Getting usable vocal tracks from Stipe was difficult; Dixon recalled that he and Stipe would show up around noon each day before the rest of the band, but that "he was kind of shut down, and it was difficult to get him to open up". While recording the song "7 Chinese Brothers", Stipe sang so quietly that Dixon could not hear him on the tape. Frustrated, the producer climbed a ladder to a spot above the recording booth Stipe was in and found a gospel record titled ''The Joy of Knowing Jesus'' by the Revelaires, which he then handed to the singer in an attempt to inspire him. Stipe began reciting the liner notes from the album audibly, which enabled Dixon to move on to recording the vocal track to "7 Chinese Brothers" properly〔Buckley, p. 99–100〕 (the initial recitation take was later released in 1987 as "Voice of Harold" on the compilation ''Dead Letter Office'').〔Black, p. 92〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Reckoning (R.E.M. album)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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